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C++ windows程序设计

windows常用数据类型

win数据类型命名规律win数据类型win数据类型2win数据类型3

windows 常用API函数

一、使用API下载文件(URLDownloadToFile)
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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "Urlmon.lib")

int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	HRESULT hret = URLDownloadToFile(NULL, _T("https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/archive/4de86ebf90b044bf9ba2becf042a8977062b3f99.png"), _T("D:\\123.png"), 0, NULL);
	if (hret == S_OK)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("下载成功"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}
	else
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("下载失败"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}
	return 0;
}
二、使用API打开文件\网站(ShellExecuteEx)
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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "Urlmon.lib")

int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	SHELLEXECUTEINFO ShellInfo = { 0 };
	ShellInfo.cbSize = sizeof(SHELLEXECUTEINFO);
	ShellInfo.lpVerb = _T("open");
	ShellInfo.lpFile = _T("D:\\123.png");
	ShellInfo.nShow = SW_SHOW;

	BOOL bRET = ShellExecuteEx(&ShellInfo);

	return 0;
}
三、使用API删除文件(DeleteFile)
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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "Urlmon.lib")

int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	BOOL bRet = DeleteFile(_T("D:\\11.txt"));
	if (bRet)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("删除成功"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}
	else
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("删除失败"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}

	return 0;
}
四、使用API复制文件(CopyFile)
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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "Urlmon.lib")

int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	BOOL bRet = CopyFile(_T("D:\\123.png"), _T("C:\\Users\\86173\\Desktop\\abc.png"), FALSE);
	if (bRet)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("拷贝成功"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}
	else
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("拷贝失败"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}

	return 0;
}
五、使用API 移动\重命名 文件\文件夹(MoveFile)
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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "Urlmon.lib")

int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	BOOL bRet = MoveFile(_T("D:\\123.png"), _T("C:\\Users\\86173\\Desktop\\abc.jpg"));
	if (bRet)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("移动成功"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}
	else
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("移动失败"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}

	return 0;
}
六、获取错误码函数：GetLastError
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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "Urlmon.lib")

int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	BOOL bRet = DeleteFile(_T("D:\\11.txt"));
	if (bRet)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("删除成功"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}
	else
	{
		DWORD dwError = GetLastError();
		if (dwError == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)//2,尽量使用错误码的宏/0是运行正确
		{
			MessageBox(NULL, _T("文件不存在，请确认删除路径是否正确"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
		}
		else
		{
			MessageBox(NULL, _T("删除失败"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
		}
	}

	return 0;
}
七、文件的创建与打开：CreatFile
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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "Urlmon.lib")

int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(_T("D:\\ok.txt"), GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	if (hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("文件打开成功"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}
	else
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("打开失败"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}

	return 0;
}

==这里的打开是句柄不是真正的打开，只是可以操作数据了==

==CREATE_ALWAYS== 创建文件，若存在则覆盖并清空内容

==OPEN_EXISTING== 打开一个已有的文件不存在则报错

==OPEN_ALWAYS== 如果文件存在则打开不存在则新建

八、关闭文件句柄(内核对象)：CloseHandle
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BOOL CliseHandle(HANDLE hObject);
九、获取文件大小(字节)的两个函数
①GetFileSize函数

==小于4G用低32位，大于4G用高32位，两个不同的参数 GetFileSize(NULL, NULL);==

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HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(_T("D:\\logo.png"), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if (hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
	DWORD dwFileSize = GetFileSize(hFile, NULL);

	TCHAR szFileSize[128] = { 0 };
	_stprintf(szFileSize, _T("文件的大小是：%d"), dwFileSize);
	MessageBox(NULL, szFileSize, _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	CloseHandle(hFile);
}
else
{
	MessageBox(NULL, _T("打开失败"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
}
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HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(_T("D:\\logo.png"), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if (hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
	DWORD dwFileSizeHigh = 0;
	DWORD dwFileSize = GetFileSize(hFile, &dwFileSizeHigh);

	LONGLONG lFileSize = (((LONGLONG)dwFileSizeHigh) << 32) | dwFileSize;

	TCHAR szFileSize[128] = { 0 };
	_stprintf(szFileSize, _T("文件的大小是：%lld"), lFileSize);
	MessageBox(NULL, szFileSize, _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	CloseHandle(hFile);
}
else
{
	MessageBox(NULL, _T("打开失败"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
}
②GetFileSizeEx函数

==EX结尾是已有函数的扩展函数==

==整合了高32位和低32位大小==

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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "Urlmon.lib")

int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(_T("D:\\logo.png"), GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	if (hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		LARGE_INTEGER fileSize = { 0 };
		BOOL bRet = GetFileSizeEx(hFile, &fileSize);
		if (bRet)
		{
			TCHAR szFileSize[128] = { 0 };
			_stprintf(szFileSize, _T("文件的大小是：%lld"), fileSize.QuadPart);
			MessageBox(NULL, szFileSize, _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
		}
		CloseHandle(hFile);
	}
	else
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("打开失败"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}
	return 0;
}
十、文件的写操作：WriteFile
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#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "Urlmon.lib")

struct Student
{
	int age;
	char sex;
	char name[32];
};

int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(_T("D:\\ok.txt"), GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("打开失败"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
		return -1;
	}

	int num = 123;
	DWORD dwRealWrite = 0;
	//BOOL bRet = WriteFile(hFile, &num, sizeof(int), &dwRealWrite, NULL);

	char ch = 'q';
	//BOOL bRet = WriteFile(hFile, &ch, sizeof(char), &dwRealWrite, NULL);
	
	char szText[] = "啦啦啦";
	//BOOL bRet = WriteFile(hFile, szText, sizeof(szText), &dwRealWrite, NULL);

	Student stud;
	stud.age = 20;
	stud.sex = 'm';
	strcpy(stud.name, "张三");
	BOOL bRet = WriteFile(hFile, &stud, sizeof(stud), &dwRealWrite, NULL);

	if(bRet)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("写入成功"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}
	else
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("写入失败"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}

	CloseHandle(hFile);
	return 0;
}
十一、文件的读操作：ReadFile
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#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Student
{
	int age;
	char sex;
	char name[32];
};

int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(_T("D:\\VC驿站ok.txt"), GENERIC_WRITE | GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("文件打开失败！"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
		return -1;
	}

	int num = 123;
	DWORD dwRealWrite = 0;
	BOOL bRet = WriteFile(hFile, &num, sizeof(int), &dwRealWrite, NULL);

	char ch = 'q';
	bRet = WriteFile(hFile, &ch, sizeof(char), &dwRealWrite, NULL);

	char szText[32] = "我是VC驿站的粉丝！";
	bRet = WriteFile(hFile, szText, sizeof(szText), &dwRealWrite, NULL);

	Student stud;
	stud.age = 20;
	stud.sex = 'm';
	strcpy(stud.name, "zhangsan");

	bRet = WriteFile(hFile, &stud, sizeof(stud), &dwRealWrite, NULL);
	if (bRet)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("数据写入成功！"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}
	else
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("数据写入失败！"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}

	CloseHandle(hFile);

	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	hFile = CreateFile(_T("D:\\VC驿站ok.txt"), GENERIC_WRITE | GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("文件打开失败！"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
		return -1;
	}

	//从文件中读数据
	int ret_num = 0;
	DWORD dwRealRead = 0;
	bRet = ReadFile(hFile, &ret_num, sizeof(ret_num), &dwRealRead, NULL);

	char cha = 0;
	bRet = ReadFile(hFile, &cha, sizeof(cha), &dwRealRead, NULL);

	char szTextRet[32] = { 0 };
	bRet = ReadFile(hFile, szTextRet, sizeof(szTextRet), &dwRealRead, NULL);

	Student stud2;
	bRet = ReadFile(hFile, &stud2, sizeof(Student), &dwRealRead, NULL);
	if (bRet)
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("数据读取成功！"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}
	else
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, _T("数据读取失败！"), _T("Tip"), MB_OK);
	}





	CloseHandle(hFile);
	return 0;
}
十二、文件指针：SetFilePointer
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十三、目录的创建(单一层级)：CreateDirectory

==创建多层级目录可使用MakeSureDirectoryPathExists函数==

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十四、目录的删除(空目录)：RemoveDirectory
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十五、文件的查找与遍历：FindFirstFile、FindNextFile
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十六、获得当前所有磁盘分区：GetLogicalDriveStrings
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十七、获得磁盘分区类型：GetDriveType
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